Othello Prelim Essay

When the aspirational values of an individual become all-consuming, the relationships of those close to them are destroyed, through the corruption of loyalty and trust. Both Shakespeare's Othello and Geoffrey Sax's Othello portray many elements of tragedy, by exploring the relationship of Othello and Iago/Jago, and the way his manipulations distort Othello's mind. Iago's zealousness in Shakespeare's play Othello reflect the elements of a fatal flaw in an individual, and the disruption of the Chain of Being, both being key features of a tragedy.Iago's words, â€Å"Men should be what they seem†, are ironic, as he hides his true self from Othello, who trusts him completely, in order to gain what he desires. His rejection, and pursuit, of the job of Othello's lieutenant eventually causes his demise, hence becoming his ‘fatal flaw'. Iago's continued pursuit of his goal leads to the deaths of many, which provides a metaphor for all audiences of the destruction our aspirations can cause.The imbalance in the Chain of Being is corrected in the conclusion of Shakespeare's Othello, however, Sax's Othello results in Ben Jago becoming successful, and achieving the position of Police Commissioner. Sax's Jago psychologically manipulates and abuses his victims, in contrast to the original play, where many are physically killed. Our modern audience expects this, however, because we, as well as Jago, realise that for him to achieve his goals, he has to be subtle in order to avoid detection in our age of fingerprinting and DNA sampling.In this way, Sax's Jago has to prepare his plans a lot more than Shakespeare's Iago, which leads to him gaining the position he wanted, rather than being captured. However, both have very similar plans, revolving around manipulation, especially Othello's mind and emotions. Othello's trust, thereby his loyalty, relies on his knowledge of the individual, particularly their past. In both texts, his slight uncertainty with his trust in Des demona/Dessie is due to their fast marriage and lack of knowledge of their lives before he met them.In Shakespeare's Othello, Desdemona's and Othello's sudden marriage, which finalises their relationship, is accentuated by Iago asking Othello â€Å"But I pray sir,/ Are you fast married? † This leaves us confused as to how these characters became truly familiar with each other before their marriage, and foreshadows what is to later come. Sax portrays Othello's niggling doubt towards Dessie as due to her silence about her boarding school days, when she met Lulu. However, Dessie defends herself against his accusations of her being secretive, by shouting, â€Å"It's always you talking and me listening!†This frame is a close-up, overhead shot of Dessie, emphasising how vulnerable she is to Othello, and foreshadowing the circumstances of her death. Othello's distorted trust enables Iago's plan to succeed, because he puts his loyalties in the wrong hands. Sax portrays Ben Jag o as a police officer, who we and also Othello, expect to be just and honest, as police uphold and enforce the law. Similarly, Shakespeare's Iago held a position that was expected to be trusted, as a part of the army who were assigned the role of protecting their country.This fallibility of Othello's trust and loyalty allowed Iago to manipulate him such that he was able to isolate him, and destroy his relationships with others. The relationship breakdowns in both versions of Othello cause vast amounts of chaos, because the Chain of Being is broken. Shakespeare's Othello decides that Desdemona is guilty before even consulting her, as seen when Iago tells him, â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you†, and he replies, â€Å"And so she did.†His truncated sentence bluntly expresses his view, implying that he has made up his mind, and nothing can change it. Similarly, Sax depicts Othello as already concluded that Dessie is guilty, by him saying, â€Å"You tell me wha t I want to know†¦ Tell me the truth bitch! † These words are accompanied by a low shot, looking up at a close-up of Othello's face, indicating the power Othello has over Dessie, and makes the viewer empathetic towards her, by feeling weak and insecure. However, we have recurring scenes that show how Desdemona is trying to keep their relationship together.Sax shows this by representing Dessie as a woman in a domestic violence household, especially when she says, â€Å"He needs me. † Similarly, Shakespeare characterises Desdemona as a dutiful wife, â€Å"It was his bidding†¦ We must not displease him. † Desdemona/Dessie's loyalty to her husband infuriates Othello more, as he believes it is more of a lie to keep the secret from him, rather than tell him outright, and it is the worst thing that Desdemona could do to him, â€Å"She's like a liar gone to burning hell.†All these little aspects of Desdemona/Dessie and Othello's relationship, in both Sha kespeare's and Sax's Othello, combine to cause the destruction of it, upon which the whole play is hinged upon. The end of a relationship is caused by many varying factors, but mostly a diminished sense of trust, whether it has a basis to be there, or whether someone values it so lowly that they put their own selfish desires over it.This is true in the case of Shakespeare's Othello, and the modern adaption Othello, directed by Geoffrey Sax. Iago/Jago's aspirations cause him to manipulate many people, with the purpose of destroying Othello's relationships, mainly with Desdemona/Dessie, to achieve the position that was â€Å"wrongly† given to someone else. This holds a mirror up to both the Elizabethan and our modern societies, critiquing our nature and values.

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry Essay

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 104 times to 163 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2012. Frederick Sanger is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This means that a total of 162 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Click on the links to get more information. 2012 – Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka â€Å"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors† 2011 – Dan Shechtman â€Å"for the discovery of quasicrystals† 2010 – Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki â€Å"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis† 2009 – Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath â€Å"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome† 2008 – Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien â€Å"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP† 2007 – Gerhard Ertl â€Å"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces† 2006 – Roger D. Kornberg â€Å"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription† 2005 – Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock â€Å"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis† 2004 – Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose â€Å"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation† 2003 â€Å"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes† 2003 – Peter Agre â€Å"for the discovery of water channels† 2003 – Roderick MacKinnon â€Å"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels† 2002 â€Å"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules† 2002 – John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka â€Å"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules† 2002 – Kurt Wà ¼thrich â€Å"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution† 2001 – William S. Knowles and Ryoji Noyori â€Å"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions† 2001 – K. Barry Sharpless â€Å"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions† 2000 – Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa â€Å"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers† 1999 – Ahmed H. Zewail â€Å"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy† 1998 – Walter Kohn â€Å"for his development of the density-functional theory† 1998 – John A. Pople â€Å"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry† 1997 – Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker â€Å"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)† 1997 – Jens C. Skou â€Å"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase† 1996 – Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley â€Å"for their discovery of fullerenes† 1995 – Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland â€Å"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone† 1994 – George A. Olah â€Å"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry† 1993 â€Å"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry† 1993 – Kary B. Mullis â€Å"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method† 1993 – Michael Smith â€Å"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies† 1992 – Rudolph A. Marcus â€Å"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems† 1991 – Richard R. Ernst â€Å"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy† 1990 – Elias James Corey â€Å"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis† 1989 – Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech â€Å"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA† 1988 – Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel â€Å"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre† 1987 – Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen â€Å"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity† 1986 – Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi â€Å"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes† 1985 – Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle â€Å"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures† 1984 – Robert Bruce Merrifield â€Å"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix† 1983 – Henry Taube â€Å"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes† 1982 – Aaron Klug â€Å"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes† 1981 – Kenichi Fukui and Roald Hoffmann â€Å"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions† 1980 – Paul Berg â€Å"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA† 1980 – Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger â€Å"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids† 1979 – Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig â€Å"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis† 1978 – Peter D. Mitchell â€Å"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory† 1977 – Ilya Prigogine â€Å"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures† 1976 – William N. Lipscomb â€Å"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding† 1975 – John Warcup Cornforth â€Å"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions† 1975 – Vladimir Prelog â€Å"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions† 1974 – Paul J. Flory â€Å"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules† 1973 – Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson â€Å"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds† 1972 – Christian B. Anfinsen â€Å"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation† 1972 – Stanford Moore and William H. Stein â€Å"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule† 1971 – Gerhard Herzberg â€Å"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals† 1970 – Luis F. Leloir â€Å"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates† 1969 – Derek H. R. Barton and Odd Hassel â€Å"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry† 1968 – Lars Onsager â€Å"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes† 1967 – Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter â€Å"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy† 1966 – Robert S. Mulliken â€Å"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method† 1965 – Robert Burns Woodward â€Å"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis† 1964 – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin â€Å"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances† 1963 – Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta â€Å"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers† 1962 – Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Cowdery Kendrew â€Å"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins† 1961 – Melvin Calvin â€Å"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants† 1960 – Willard Frank Libby â€Å"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science† 1959 – Jaroslav Heyrovsky â€Å"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis† 1958 – Frederick Sanger â€Å"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin† 1957 – Lord (Alexander R.) Todd â€Å"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes† 1956 – Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood and Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov â€Å"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions† 1955 – Vincent du Vigneaud â€Å"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone† 1954 – Linus Carl Pauling â€Å"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances† 1953 – Hermann Staudinger â€Å"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry† 1952 – Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge â€Å"for their invention of partition chromatography† 1951 – Edwin Mattison McMillan and Glenn Theodore Seaborg â€Å"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements† 1950 – Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder â€Å"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis† 1949 – William Francis Giauque â€Å"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures† 1948 – Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius â€Å"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins† 1947 – Sir Robert Robinson â€Å"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids† 1946 – James Batcheller Sumner â€Å"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized† 1946 – John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley â€Å"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form† 1945 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen â€Å"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method† 1944 – Otto Hahn â€Å"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei† 1943 – George de Hevesy â€Å"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes† 1942 – 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1939 – Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt â€Å"for his work on sex hormones† 1939 – Leopold Ruzicka â€Å"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes† 1938 – Richard Kuhn â€Å"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins† 1937 – Walter Norman Haworth â€Å"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C† 1937 – Paul Karrer â€Å"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2† 1936 – Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye â€Å"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases† 1935 – Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot and Irà ¨ne Joliot-Curie â€Å"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements† 1934 – Harold Clayton Urey â€Å"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen† 1933 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1932 – Irving Langmuir â€Å"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry† 1931 – Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius â€Å"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods† 1930 – Hans Fischer â€Å"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin† 1929 – Arthur Harden and Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin â€Å"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes† 1928 – Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus â€Å"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins† 1927 – Heinrich Otto Wieland â€Å"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances† 1926 – T he (Theodor) Svedberg â€Å"for his work on disperse systems† 1925 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy â€Å"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry† 1924 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1923 – Fritz Pregl â€Å"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances† 1922 – Francis William Aston â€Å"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule† 1921 – Frederick Soddy â€Å"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes† 1920 – Walther Hermann Nernst â€Å"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry† 1919 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1918 – Fritz Haber â€Å"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements† 1917 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1915 – Richard Martin Willstà ¤tter â€Å"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll† 1914 – Theodore William Richards â€Å"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements† 1913 – Alfred Werner â€Å"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry† 1912 – Victor Grignard â€Å"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry† 1912 – Paul Sabatier â€Å"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years† 1911 – Marie Curie, nà ©e Sklodowska â€Å"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element† 1910 – Otto Wallach â€Å"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds† 1909 – Wilhelm Ostwald â€Å"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction† 1908 – Ernest Rutherford â€Å"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances† 1907 – Eduard Buchner â€Å"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation† 1906 – Henri Moissan â€Å"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him† 1905 – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer â€Å"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds† 1904 – Sir William Ramsay â€Å"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system† 1903 – Svante August Arrhenius â€Å"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation† 1902 – Hermann Emil Fischer â€Å"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses† 1901 – Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff â€Å"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions†

Android’s operating system review

Android’s operating system review Android’s operating system is extremely safe and really hard for malicious users to get into other peoples phones and corrupt them without the user granting them permission but this wasn’t always the case. As the Linux kernel can be accessed directly this means developers have to use advanced software and hardware to ensure integrity of applications, data and the network is kept also confidentiality. Main security features incorporated by Android to protect the phone or tablet is the Google Play app this where users download majority their applications from. Google play now has a license verification and Google Play Protect which scans apps when you download them from the app store. Android also have an app and a website to locate if a device is stolen/lost. It also has a feature that when you download from a website for example and the device can’t verify the application certificate it has a pop up that users have to untick to allow installation from an unknown source. Also the device if enabled can go through periodic scans that will inform a user of potentially harmful apps. This is shown in the diagram. Androids basic security features presented is a pin, password and pattern or in some of the newer devices can be unlocked via the users face. One service that Android phones offer is device encryption. This involves scrabbling the data on the device and only when the device is presented with the correct key could you access the data for example a password or pin. If a user doesn’t enter the correct pass after a certain amount of tries users are sometimes able to set an erase all option. Android uses dm-crypt to encrypt the data. This encrypts data all the way down to the root file system thus working at the kernel level and has a 128 bit algorithm. It allows the whole disk to be encrypted. However once this encryption key is set there is no option to change it without a hard reset of the device and losing all of the data. Newer Android versions have incorporated fast encryption meaning you are prompted to enter your key in at start up, this leads to a slightly long time to get the device started. On the application level Android has introduced sandbox security and permission. Sandbox is an old concept and originated from the UNIX operating system which would split file permissions from processes. This means once the application is up and running unless granted permission by the user the application stays in its parameters and run on a virtual machine. This ensures one app doesn’t have access to another app. It sort of works like a sand toy i.e. once sand is in the toy unless the child allows the sand to come out the sand will never leave the sand boxes walls. This is seen when users first download their app from the Play Store or once downloaded the go to the applications settings and can edit it from there. For example simple applications like a photo editing application shouldn’t be accessing your phone but however it may need to access your storage such as photos or videos, it may also ask for permission to access your camera. With Android there isn’t a specific way an app has to enforce its security. Due to the apps being â€Å"sandboxed† at OS memory corruption doesn’t occur, this also means the native code at the Linux kernel is just as secure as the code operating on the â€Å"virtual machine†. Authentication is being able to identify the user or users and allowing them access to the system. Android uses â€Å"user-authentication-gated cryptographic keys†. On initial start-up authenticator tokens are available to receive information from the user. Users on Android must use a pin/pattern or password. This then generates a 64bit User SID. This works as the â€Å"key to the lock†. This 64Bit code is paired with the users’ password/pin or pattern. When users want to change this they must provide the original password thus giving the original 64bit user SID. If they don’t provide the exact key all the information hidden by the key is lost and this is what is known as an â€Å"untrusted enrol†.

The Broker by John Grisham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Broker by John Grisham - Essay Example â€Å"The Broker† is Joel Backman, a lawyer/lobbyist who went to prison six years ago for conspiring to sell a satellite system to an unnamed party outside the United States. The outgoing President, Arthur Morgan offers him pardon and he is released from prison, to be scuttled out of the country and hidden away in Italy. Backman had been sent to prison six years ago because he had been the broker in a deal to control the software that operates the latest to-secret spy satellite system. The Director of the CIA convinces the President to pardon him but the motive behind his action is not altruistic. The reason for engineering Backman’s release and helping him to go into hiding is to set him up as bait to fish out the parties involved in the deal for the satellite software. The CIA figures that whoever owns the satellite will find Blackman and kill him for having allowed himself to be caught six years ago. But since they have Backman under surveillance they will have the opportunity to unearth that vital piece of intelligence. Grisham’s book involves politics, espionage and above all the vital element of surveillance that forms an essential component of contemporary intelligence activity. The key element that drives this book on to its climax is the fact that the reader does not know who put up the secret satellites and who’s trying to buy the software and the intense surveillance maintained on Backman as he lives in Italy is geared towards unlocking these secrets. Backman however, has his own plans and he doesn’t plan to let either side get to him. But the information he is privy to about the secret satellite system makes him a prime target. He is constantly under surveillance and the novel demonstrates the extent to which the advances in development of satellite technology have led to its increasingly intrusive role, blurring the lines between

CNC-CMM & Poisson Distribution Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CNC-CMM & Poisson Distribution - Coursework Example (Spitz Steven Nadav, 1999) A whole set of comprehensive algorithms are used to generate program in the CNC or Computer Numerically Controlled machine so that that the CMM is completely automated and the dimensions obtained are exact after accounting all the tolerances. Source: www.mitutoyo.com, 2006, measuring surface profiles of cars The Inspection probing system Probes are usually classified as contact probes and non-contact probes. Contact probes generate dimensions by physically touching the work piece while non-contact probes do not require physical contact. (Spitz Steven Nadav, 1999) Hard probes are the most simple of probes; the accuracy of which depends on the skill of the operator. The probe is made to have contact with the component and the dimensions generated after compensating for probe diameter. These are used to measure distances between components and diameter and the angles at which bores are located in a work piece. (Genest David, 1999) Source: www.mitutoyo.com, 200 6, Inspection probing system Touch trigger probes remove the manual part of scanning. An LED is used to generate a signal when the probe touches the surface of the work piece. ... Genest David, 1999) Source:www.mitutoyo.com, 2006,Stresses & displacement of an I beam of rail track Analog scanning probes are used to map surfaces of crankshafts and turbine blades. These are capable of continuously scanning large surfaces and generate analog output in the forms of contours and images. Irregular and complex shapes can be measured using this probe. This has two systems namely the open loop system and closed loop system. The open loop system senses the change is surface profile and adjusts itself automatically to retain contact with the surface. The open loop system on the other hand is driven along a predefined profile that is already present in the data base. It then generates an output regarding the degree of deviation of the measured profile from the standard piece. (Genest David, 1999) The non contact probes are the most effective way of generating data since contact between the probe and the work piece is done away with thereby reducing measuring errors. These laser probes direct a laser beam on the surface of the work piece. Its position is measured using the triangulation technique onto the probe receptor. Source:www.mitutoyo.com, 2006, Comparing actual and true surfaces Vision probe is another non contact probe which are give quite accurate results of small 2-D parts at very fast pace. This generates a number of measuring points on the image taken which are then compared to a standard work piece product. This gives us an inference about the deviations of the product from the ideal one. (Genest David, 1999) Communication standards The Dimensional Measuring Interface Standard (DMIS) improves the interaction between the computer aided systems like CAD/ CAM and the CMM machine to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the manufacturing process.

The Future of Nursing in an Evolving Health Care System Essay - 1

The Future of Nursing in an Evolving Health Care System - Essay Example Nurses are effective in pushing for these agendas because they are in a position to focus on the background of a patient. Nurses can offer recommendations that are evidence based to their patients. These recommendations motivate individuals to adjust their lifestyle and behavior changes to avoid getting sick. Nurses are also trained in behavioral and clinical sciences which means that they are capable of providing support self-care and self-management training (Olshansky, 2009). For the healthcare reform to shift focus to prevention and wellness, nurses need to teach the public on simple and low-cost strategies that can assist them in preventing diseases. Some of these strategies include engaging in physical activity, practicing deep breathing and laughing and also practicing meditation. These techniques are simple and lead towards behavioral change. The health reform centers on creating a patient-centered structure. This structure will foster personal health and self-care in patients. The reform will also engage the support of health workers such as nurses to ensure that the entire community to be served inputs by following the strategies laid out to them by the health workers (Mitchell,

Regulatory And Accreditation Body Paper Research

Regulatory And Accreditation Body - Research Paper Example Although there are several reasons why these organizations were created, the core impetus which inspired it is the assurance of public health and safety. Though the end point boils down to a common goal, the regulatory and accrediting bodies differ in their function and scope. The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education--an accrediting body, and the National Council for States Boards of Nursing--a regulatory body, will be examined through their functions and scope in their paper. Regulatory Body According to Harvey (2004a), a regulatory body in higher education is â€Å"an external organization that has been empowered by legislation† to take hold of the educational processes through restrictions and rules designed by the organization to maintain a specified standard. The importance of a regulatory body is nondiscriminatory when what is at risk is the common good. Habgood and Welter (2000) expressed the role of regulatory body through the regulations they make as â€Å"[ass urance of] public protection by administering enactment of the passed law.† In this note, one may say that legislations influence the regulations of the regulatory bodies in such a way that the public is given the most benefits. In the context of nursing education, where public health is the main concern, it is essential to be very selective of the persons of whom a license would be entrusted. This goes to the assessment of what kind of training a nursing graduate has and how equipped and worthy is he/she to become a â€Å"registered nurse.† Of the different nursing regulatory bodies, it is the National Council for States Boards of Nursing to perform this task. National Council for States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) Purpose. The NCSBN was founded in 1978 as a non-profit organization conceptualized by the American Nurses Association (ANA) Council on State Boards of Nursing. The creation of NCSBN comes from the realization that in order to fully concentrate on the safety of the public and assurance of a quality workforce of nurses, â€Å"the regulation of nurses needed to be a separate entity from the organization representing professional nurses† (NCSBN, n.d.b). If such professionals would not be regulated, then public health and public safety would be jeopardized; an instance which NCSBN prevents. To materialize their goals, NCSBN formulated the Guiding Principles of Nursing Regulations which include: protection for the public, competence of all practitioners regulated by the board of nursing, due process and ethical decision making, shared accountability, strategic collaboration, evidenced-based regulation; response to the marketplace and healthcare environment; and globalization of nursing. Through their guiding principles, the NCSBN is able to regulate all aspects of nursing practice; from the selection of the human resource to establishing an above average competence which can compete globally. Ethical standards are also given emphasis to the benefit of both practitioners and clients, so that a balance decision-making, in case of alleged malpractice and such circumstances is assured. Scope. NCSBN’s primary roles are to provide rules, administer licensure examinations and regulate professional nursing practice. Since the NCSBN is state-based, rules may vary depending on the qualifications of the state (NCSBN, n.d.a); such as in each regulatory agency, â€Å"the regulatory authority may vary according to the purpose of approval and the particular jurisdiction† (Bible et al. 2010). Licensure is the main task of the NCSBN;

Critically analyse the claim of labour process theory Essay

Critically analyse the claim of labour process theory - Essay Example The project makes an analysis of the theory in depth and the views of researchers and practitioners regarding the fundamental and inherent conflicts of interests between employers and employees at the workplace. In this context, the key elements of local management systems and controls are analyzed and the way they impact on different sections of the working class which hold skills and expertise which are not reproducible through machines or unskilled labor (O’Doherty & Willmott, 2002, p.2). Labor Process Theory The Labor Process Theory considers how individuals work, which people control their work activities, skills which they use for working and the way they are paid for their services. According to the views of Braverman, who was an industrial worker for a long part of his life in America, management steals the skills of workers in capitalist societies. In this was they act in the way of reducing the pleasurable character of work and the power that workers possess. They al so reduce the wages of skilled workers to the level of wages of unskilled workers and at the same time increase the exertion on them too. The radical writers have been critical of the pluralist preoccupation with regards to the regulation of conflicts. They have focused more on how conflicts were contained and controlled, while the pluralists tried to divert attention towards the more fundamental issues of why conflicts generated at the workplace. In this regard, Hyman (1979) have believed that the existing structure of control and ownership in the industry were inevitable sources of conflict were dismissed as being external to the context of industrial relations. The radicals believed that undue emphasis was provided to the employers, trade unions and other institutions for coping with such conflicts and for identifying process which could be incorporated for maintaining industrial stability. Greater attention towards power is the main notion of radical writers as compared to the p luralist thoughts. This is not surprising as the pluralists have emphasized more on the resolution of conflicts and procedural reforms. On the other hand radicals see the power imbalance within society and also at the workplace being central to the characteristic of employment relations. At the workplace people who have ownership of the means of production enjoys power superiority over those who sell their labor in return of wages. This is highly demonstrated through the substantial inequality in the distribution of rewards at the workplace. Also the limitations of labor in the market is reinforced through the creation of social norms, beliefs and values which sustain the prevailing power distribution within the industry and inhibit the growth of political consciousness of the working class. Critical Analysis of the Labor Process Theory The Labor Process Theory is opened to broad sociological debates associated with the action structure dualism. While the orthodox school of thought tends to reassert the economic and structuralist features of Marxism, the deconstructionist or anti-realist position abandons the analysis which has been conventionally been oriented towards polarities of agencies and structures. Researchers have thrown insight into offering of instructive ways of understanding how subjectivity is implicated in the reproduction and accomplishment of the capitalist employment relati

Globalization and Media's influence of Perception of Luxury Essay

Globalization and Media's influence of Perception of Luxury - Essay Example The concept of media globalization cannot be evaded. New technologies have also been witnessed in the globe. The trends that have been taking place in the society as a result of globalization are evident. Globalization unifies the globe into one world. The developments that have taken place in terms of globalization relate to the fact that globalization has created a lot of links that have led to the countries interacting. The media has managed to reduce the borders between states. Varying perceptions have been brought forward regarding the concept of globalization and the media. A total embrace of the aspect of globalization has seen a great change in the manner in which human beings interact in the society. It is evident that the globalization impacts have touched on all parts of the economy ranging from political to economical ones. Moreover, the interactions have been made easier in the society, with the nations developing a form of interdependence between forms vary the modes of communicating parts of the global media world to the types of media. This essay shall highlight the impacts of technology, then highlight the concept of brand luxuries, and the reasons behind making purchases by the consumers. Body Technology in the form of media has impacted the process of globalization. Without the developments in media, the process of globalization would have not attained the level it is currently at. According to the research conducted by Rantanen (2005), the media has been indicated to be the major driving force in steering the process of globalization. The media, as an example of technology, has allowed the progress of production, transmission of knowledge, and changing the perception of persons towards an understanding of the world. In relation to the media and the process of globalization, this technology has altered the intellectual ability of the individuals by imparting them with novel information that allows them to understand the systems in the social order, for instance ability to learn new forms of production, whether in the manufacturing sector or even in the provision of services in relation to banking and security. The media is a form of technology. All forms of technology have a way of making life easier and making their lives more comfortable. This is to indicate that all forms of media have allowed individuals come up with instruments that minimize the gaps between individuals in different areas of the society. In the case of the computers for example, the world has been made an easier place to live in, through an amalgamation of the parts of the computer to come up with databases that store data in the machine. In the current generation, a lot of people have been seen to embrace technology. Embracing a certain aspect means having the ability to control the same. Since the media is a form of technology, human beings have been seen to control it. This relates to the fact that some countries can be termed as rich in terms o f technology, whilst others have been seen to be technologically poor. Through media and the implications of globalization, international distribution of television programs has been made possible; hence international acceptance of television programs. Marketability of television programs has been trouble-free with the producers of the best sellers having an upper hand in the making profits in the business. Generally, programs of varying cultures have been easily transmitted from one continent to another. Movie