Pepsi’s Growth and Marketing Strategies :: GCSE Business Management Studies

INTRODUCTION Pepsi-Cola Pepsi's beverage business was founded by a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham who created a special beverage, a soft drink, in the back room of his drug store in New Bern, North Carolina (Pepsi Co, 2004). It has become one of today’s leading soft drink with nearly $20 billion in worldwide retail sales (PepsiCo Inc., 2003), and like what coke has, Pepsi also has a variety of products in the world, such as Pepsi-Cola, diet Pepsi, Pepsi max, mountain dew and so forth. In this report, we will specifically focus on Pepsi-Cola, and the aim of this report is to summarize and analyse Pepsi’s growth strategy as well as its marketing strategies. Firstly, the background of Pepsi Company and their products will be summarized. Secondly, four elements or components will be analysed in this report, which are based on: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion Finally, some recommendations relative to Pepsi’s marketing strategy will be suggested. In order to make the information of this report accurate and forceful, several valuable sources were used to analyse. Those sources including: * Marketing textbook * Academic paper * Internet * Online business magazines BACKGROUND Pepsi Co. is a Multinational corporation, which extends over many countries; Pepsi and Frito-Lay merged in 1960, which named the new company Pepsi Co. Besides, Pepsi Co. has merged with some other companies such as Gatorade, which became the world’s fifth-largest food and beverage company with 15 brands. The company operates in a monopolistically competitive market, where its biggest competitor is Coca-Cola. Pepsi brand name and its strategic message ‘it’s the cola’ have already penetrated the world market. In this case the brand name ‘Pepsi’ is very effective in differentiating its product from the others. Within the soft drink industry Pepsi is considered to be a middle class drink and Pepsi offers quality product that provides assurance to the public. Pepsi is undertaking both advertising and marketing campaigns around the world, its advertising campaign include TV, magazines, in-stores, outdoors and on the Internet. The marketing campaigns it undertook include lucky draw and promotions. For example in Singapore there is a promotion done by Pepsi that for every 6-pack of Pepsi you purchase you can have a turn on the fortune wheel to win prizes such as Pepsi t-shirt, more Pepsi drinks and cash prizes. This is done when the economy is in recession and Pepsi is trying to boost up its company and product image. Pepsi’s target market has usually been the middle-income family, as Pepsi is not as expensive as Coke and not as cheap as the other brands. Pepsi around the world usually target toward young people early teens to late twenties, however this is still based on location

What must be done to protect New Zealand’s wildlife

There is much said about protecting native species all around the world and New Zealand is no exception. In New Zealand we are facing challenges of our own when it comes to protecting and conserving our native species. This challenges range from oil spills to climate change to over-harvesting (in particular whale hunting). It is common reality that more needs to be done to protect our native New Zealand species. And this needs collective effort from each and every one of us to protect our native species-the government, NGOs and citizens. in my essay I will be emphasising on what we can do as individuals to contribute to protecting and conserving the native species and these includes reducing our carbon footprint, considering our lifestyle and lastly speaking out. I will then conclude by emphasising these points. Brief Background Due to its long geological isolation since breaking away from the supercontinent Gondwana about 80 million years ago, New Zealand’s plant and animal life has developed down a unique evolutionary path. Many of our native plants and animals are endemic – that is, found nowhere else in the world. The level of endemism among New Zealand plants and animals is one of the highest in the world. The tuatara, moa, kiwi, kokako, saddleback, huia, kakapo, native frogs and giant carnivorous land snails are just some of the species that are uniquely New Zealand. This isolation in the absence of mammalian predators for millions of years also meant that many of our native species were virtually defenceless against attack – for example, many of our native birds like the kiwi are flightless and nest on the ground. When humans – first Maori and then European settlers – arrived in New Zealand, introduced mammals came with them: rats, possums, stoats, ferrets, weasels, deer, pigs, mice, cats, dogs and others. These introduced species quickly took a heavy toll as they preyed and browsed on New Zealand’s largely defenceless native species, or competed with them. Human activities such as felling and burning vegetation and draining wetlands also destroyed much of the native species’ habitats. Native species such as the moa, huia, and the world’s largest-ever eagle, the Haast’s eagle, the South Island kokako and many others became extinct. Many more, such as the Takahe, the Kakapo and the long-tailed bat were radically reduced in number and remain perilously close to extinction today. Against this backdrop, the protection of our native species becomes ever more urgent. Thus this brings me to my emphasis on what we can do as individuals to protect our native species. Protection of our native species doesn’t only mean big campaigns by organization such as green peace o world wildlife fund. It also concerns us as individuals to contribute in our own small ways in protecting our native species. Unfortunately, we as individuals don’t realise these. Therefore, there are three things that I believe we can do to help in protecting our native species. They are reducing our carbon footprint, considering our lifestyles and last of all speaking out. Reduce our carbon footprint Each and every one of us can help save the planet from runaway climate change. Carbon emissions have been scientifically proven to be one of the main contributors to global warming. And as individuals, we think that releasing of carbon to the atmosphere is mainly done by factories of all sorts without realising that we also contribute to that. Therefore I believe that we have a responsibility to ensure that we minimise this. So this is how it can be done. Ever wondered how much difference your small actions really make? If every New Zealand household took these three simple actions, it could have a big impact. First of all, go car-free one day a week. Transport is a major contributor to New Zealand's emissions (20%). If everyone in New Zealand who currently drives to work were to walk, cycle or take public transport on just one day per week, it would save up to 114,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year (Landcare Research’s carboNZero Programme Dec 2008). Secondly, we must switch our bulbs. If every household swapped their remaining old-style light bulbs for new energy efficient ones, this could save up to 0.6 billion kWh of electricity or 106,800 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year (Landcare Research’s carboNZero Programme in December 2008) Thirdly, we must turn un-needed appliances off at the wall. When not in use things like heated towels rails and appliances on standby account for almost 1 billion kWh of electricity per year or 165,700 tonnes of CO2 equivalent (Landcare Research’s carboNZero Programme in December 2008). If every household simply turned these off, we could make a big saving. So if all of the above actions are taken, it all adds up to us as individually contributing to reducing carbon emissions. According to Landcare research, the combined impact of these actions would be an emissions reduction of 386,500 tonnes CO2 equivalent per year. This is equivalent to over 839,000 car journeys from Kaitaia to Invercargill (Landcare Research’s carboNZero Programme in December 2008). Figures are based on work by Landcare Research’s carboNZero Programme in December 2008 commissioned by WWF-New Zealand. Consider our lifestyle Have we ever wondered how our lifestyles can contribute to carbon emissions which impact on the environment? In our pursuit of pleasure, enjoyment and expensive lifestyle we have become careless-careless in the sense that we are consuming things that we don’t really need. Carbon emissions are created by stuff – the more stuff you buy, use, consume and throw away the more you’re contributing to climate change. Did we ever known that? I guess no. Take a look at what we really need. Can we cut down on anything? By eating meat and animal products our carbon footprint will be higher than on a vege diet. Can we eat less meat? Garbage emits methane – a greenhouse gas – as it breaks down. Can we reduce our waste? Clothes, furniture, electrical goods – everything really – takes resources to produce and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions as it is moved around the planet. Can you buy less stuff and local stuff instead? Or above all consume only stuff that we really need. You can help – Speak out The last thing we can do is speak out. There are petitions made by organizations such as Greenpeace and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to the government. The best we can do to help is to sign up. One such petition is the Forest & Bird’s petition. You can help by signing Forest & Bird's petition to save sea lions. In this petition, WWF is calling on the New Zealand Government to immediately take the following action: 1. Determine the relative importance of the threats facing the sea lions. 2. Revise the Department of Conservations Sea Lion Species Management Plan. – (The revised plan should provide clear, time-bound actions to address the main threats identified in the comparative assessment.) 3. Develop an improved population model to guide sea lion mortality limits. – (The model should address the flaws in the current model and also consider the effect of food competition and epidemics.) 4. Set a precautionary mortality limit for sea lions in the squid fishery. – (This limit should be based on the improved population model and on a conservative assessment of the effectiveness of sea lion exclusion devices.) 5. Set an explicit sea lion mortality limit in the Campbell southern blue whiting fishing. 6. Set precautionary allocations of squid and other southern ocean fish stocks. – (These allocations should be ecologically based and explicitly considers direct and indirect effects of fishing on sea lions.) The numbers of sea lion pups are in freefall – estimates from the Department of Conservation show pup production has halved since 1998. So we can play our part by signing the petition. Conclusion To conclude, we must know that protecting native New Zealand species does not concern only the government or organizations such as WWF. It also concerns us as individuals to contribute in our own small ways. We need a collective effort to protect New Zealand’s native species.

Neonatal Babies And Drug Addiction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1544 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Drug Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Famous Hip-Hop artist and Disc Jockey, Louis Eric Barrier, sheds light on a topic that is haunting for America: drug addicted neonates. You know we are lost when babies are addicted to drugs when they are born, said Barrier. An increasingly dangerous epidemic that is dismissed or silenced by many concerns Americas growing dependence on and increased death rates from heroin and other deadly drugs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Neonatal Babies And Drug Addiction" essay for you Create order While it is sad that many people are falling to drug addiction, its even more heartbreaking that many of these addictions are neonates, who have just entered the world. Unfortunately tens of thousands of babies are born with an addiction; it is up to the people of the world to educate themselves on the inimical effects on the quality life at birth and into the rest of their lives for substance addicted neonates. There have been alarming rises in the numbers of babies born with a drug addiction in the US in the past six years. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, there has been a five fold increase in babies born with an addiction between the years 2000 and 2012, and increasing even more into today. With the amount of noted neonates born with an addiction, this statistic would prove to be one baby born with an addiction about every 25-30 minutes in the United States alone. Any drug addiction is very harmful to fully matured bodies, but even more harmful to the smaller, underdeveloped organs caused by substance dependence. The drugs most neonates are addicted to when born are strong opioids like Oxycontin, Vicodin, and Heroin. In an online documentary, one nurse said There are cases in which the mother admits she just shot up in the parking lot before delivering. Addiction is a very hard disease to cope with. The part of the brain that tells you to speak, walk, and perform other natural actions is also the part of the brain that addiction is found in. Once addicted, it is very hard to counteract. Genes make up who we are. Sometimes, and unfortunately, our genes mutate. These mutations are likely to create a hereditary disease like Cystic Fibrosis, or Huntingtons disease. Studies are now showing that mutations in genes can mutate, and addiction can become hereditary. So, if a baby is born with an addiction, that can lead to them being addicted later on in life. Substance addicted babies face an extremely long road to recovery. Not only do they face a long physical recovery, but an emotional one as well. Thousands of babies have been abandoned in their hospital cribs by their parents unwilling or unable to take them home according to a draft report from the Department of Health and Human Services. Theyre the tiniest victims of crack cocaine, poverty, homelessness, and AIDS The first person a baby grows to love is the woman who is carrying them, or in this case, the woman who is killing them. Babies want their biological parents when they are born, and often are unable to get this kind of love. The love many substance addicted neonates receive is from are nurses, doctors, and hospital volunteers. Once they are out of the care of the hospital, what happens to them is mostly unknown. However, whilst in the care of the hospital, they are paid attention to, loved, and helped. Consumption of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy could result in a number of health issues. Some of these issues will be: low birth weight, premature labor, fetal death, and or miscarriage (Tatera). Newborns born addicted will almost always suffer symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). These symptoms can include: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, jitteriness, and many more. Nick Martin of Sky News stated, The cries are a high pitched one and no consoling seems to help the baby milk and methadone go hand and hand. Many NAS babies will have a hospital stay about three times longer than other babies. Sadly, the first few weeks to months is only the beginning to a very long uphill battle. Once they move toward toddlerhood, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, a lot of behavioral and cognitive issues can resurface. While the neurological abnormalities may regulate, behavioral issues will become prominent in late adolescence, and early adulthood. Prenatal exposure to such a harmful drug can result in increased risk of seizures, depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, and Parkinsons disease. Heroin is one of the most deadly drugs, and is a huge epidemic right now. Sadly, a small percentage of heroin addicted babies end up living with their biological mother after five years. Neonates born with a heroin addiction are more likely to experience low birth weight, small head circumference, poor spatial recognition, poor memory, ADHD, and lower IQs. The quality of life for these babies are not only poor at birth, but also later in life. In the Sky News Documentary, a woman, who chose to have her identity unknown, is shown holding her hour old baby who has been born with an addiction to prescription painkillers. She sits rocking her very fussy, confused baby. In the video, she cries and explains the immense amount of guilt she feels. According to Nick Martin, head of the documentary, many mothers feel this way once they hold their baby. It is unfortunate, in most cases, that they begin to feel the guilt only after their baby is in the world and already facing withdrawals. In the documentary, it is also explained that many women become substance dependent again once they leave the hospital. This is a reality for many babies who are born into a family in which biological parents have an addiction; whether it be to narcotics, opioids, or alcohol. While many do not agree with the course of actions many of these mothers are taking, very little is being done to put an end to this issue. The Supreme Court has intervened i n a case for the politics of fetal rights. An issue in Ferguson v. City of Charleston is whether a public hospital violated the Constitution when it tests pregnant women for drug use and turns over positive results to the police without so much as obtaining a search warrant. In this particular case, many are concerned that this violates the Constitutional Rights of women. However, many forget that babies who are born with a drug addiction are forfeiting their Constitutional Rights because they are forced into something that they have zero control over. The babies will face a long life of medical, physical, cognitive, and behavioral issues. Turning a positive drug test result over to the police without the mothers consent does not forfeit Constitutional Rights, as a matter of fact, many people believe this is an appropriate route to take. Like previously stated, in the Sky News Documentary, a nurse states that many women admit I just shot up heroin before coming in to deliver. Another fear in this case is that women will not seek proper medical care if they are forced to take a drug test and positive results are turned over to the police. This fear however, is ludacris. Addiction is a disease that stems from a part of the brain that tells a person to perform daily activities, so it is hard to stop without help. Asking for help before it is too late is very possible though. Child abuse is defined as the physical maltreatment, or sexual molestation of a child. Knowingly addicting a baby to drugs is a form of physical maltreatment, but women are almost never convicted for anything after delivering a baby addicted to drugs. Tennessee is currently the only state with prenatal substance abuse in the law as a criminal act of child abuse and neglect. A good addition Tennessee has on top of this law is giving an option to women to either get state mandated rehab help, or serving jail time. While it is better for newborns and biological mothers to stick together, it is unfortunate that some would rather choose jail time. However, whether it be jail time or state mandated rehab, both give the mother time to get clean to return to her child. On top of Tennessees law, many other states have put an addition to their civil child welfare program that forces mothers to give up all parental rights when they deliver a substance addicted baby, because it is considered child abuse. Conclusion The topic of substance addicted babies is a tough pill to swallow. It is hard to believe that a person could hurt a precious miracle God given. Many women however fall into the pool of addiction like many others. Unfortunately, many women become pregnant as a means to receive drugs, which results in them using during the pregnancy and not really wanting the baby they are carrying. Just because some people are willing to care for a child, it doesnt mean that others are. Babies born addicted fall into a life of neglect unwillingly. It is in Americas best interest to continue putting up acts against mothers prenatally doing drugs to try and end this epidemic. Until then, it is up to people to stand up for these babies and try and change the laws to get justice for these tiny human beings.